27.11.06

Sánchez Vázquez, hacedor de utopías


El semblante andaluz de la Feria Internacional del Libro acertó de lleno al homenajear hoy al filósofo Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez, su historia vital resume los avatares de una España desarticulada por el franquismo y un México floreciente gracias en gran parte al exilio ibérico.
Sánchez Vázquez nació hace más de nueve décadas en Algeciras (Cádiz) y pasó su niñez en una Málaga republicana. Militante comunista desde su juventud estudió en el Madrid universitario de Ortega y Gasset, de Gaos y de Zubiri. Allí conoce a unos juveniles Rafael Alberti, Miguel Hernández y Pablo Neruda. Por luchar al lado de los vencidos huyó tras la Guerra Civil hacia Francia, donde aceptó la invitación (como aceptaron intelectuales de la talla de Joaquín Xirau, Eduardo Nicol, José Gaos o García Bacca) que Lázaro Cárdenas hizo a los refugiados españoles y emigra, para siempre, a México. El pensador andaluz nunca ha olvidado el nombre del barco que lo trajo a las costas de Veracruz en 1939: el Sinaia.
Dos aspectos distinguen a Sánchez Vázquez del resto de los exiliados: él no formaba parte del exilio intelectual, era apenas un veinteañero sin publicaciones pero ansioso de encontrar un marco teórico para sus inquietudes marxistas. Y nunca ha dejado de sentirse como un exiliado, a pesar de haber echado raíces en México la huella trágica del destierro lo marcó como “un desgarrón que no acaba de desgarrarse, una herida que no cicatriza, una puerta que parece abrirse y que nunca se abre”.
Fue en México, bajo las lecciones de Eli de Gortari, donde Sánchez Vázquez inicia el recorrido que hoy lo ubica como uno de los grandes renovadores del marxismo, artífice de una original filosofía práctica con capacidad transformadora.
Profesor emérito de la UNAM, Premio Nacional de Ciencias y Artes, Premio María Zambrano, habiente de múltiples doctorados honoris causa y de la Gran Cruz de Alfonso X el Sabio, este imprescindible humanista ha contribuido con sus estudios sobre estética, política y filosofía a la utopía de un mundo más justo. Su filosofía de la praxis ofrece la esperanza de un socialismo autocrítico alejado de todo dogmatismo.
La coherencia entre su obra y su vida lo convierten en un Quijote contemporáneo (según su propia lectura del personaje de Cervantes, éste vivía en el empeño utópico de realizar siempre el bien) y lo conducen a una senda difícil de recorrer cuando el compromiso está con la libertad y la democracia.
Sus ensayos sobre literatura van de Machado a Sor Juana, de Unamuno a Octavio Paz; sus reflexiones oscilan entre la experiencia estética, la ética y la dimensión política de la ciencia, la técnica, el arte y la religión; sus escritos filosóficos pasan por Kant, Heidegger, Rousseau y vuelven siempre a Marx. Su quehacer se ciñe invariablemente a la voluntad de rechazar la deshumanización y transformar el mundo.
Dedicado a su vocación docente y a la investigación, Sánchez Vázquez ha puesto la filosofía al servicio de la vida; como esteta ha recuperado el poder del arte para relacionarnos con la realidad; como poeta militante ha concedido a las palabras una función creadora y liberadora.
Arraigado en la Andalucía de su nostalgia y en el México de hoy, este autor gaditano encarna en su conducta y en su pensamiento la resistencia a los dogmas, una autonomía intelectual poco común. Y representa, sobre todo, un capítulo de la historia de España escrito en suelo mexicano. Quizá la fuerza que desembarcó del barco Sinaia pueda reducirse en esta sentencia suya: “No se puede vivir sin utopías.”

(La fotografía fue tomada en diciembre de 1938, Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez participaba en la batalla de Teruel)

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26 Comments:

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Worale!! qué bonito post! Yo sólo he leído un libro de ética de Sánchez Vázquez y se convirtió en mis cimientos morales. Alguna vez anduve hojeando otro de estética, pero debido a las otras lecturas "obligatorias" (las de la escuela, pues) no le he puesto la atención necesaria. En fin. Muy interesante.

Saludos. Y por cierto, encontré tu blog cuando andaba de visita en el blog de Leo. A ver si intercambiamos links, pero como gustes. Ciao

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